language examples on Programmer.ie: Modern AI programming

Keep one reading of a source and render from it

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

If a source can be rendered many ways, each rendering re-reads it. The chapter’s proposal is to keep one structured reading and draw the renderings from that, so that what the reader sees cannot drift apart silently. The program below takes a constructed payments policy, three constructed direct renderings, and one hand-written record, and shows what each approach costs.

No model is called. The record is written by hand, and the three direct renderings are built by hand to make the drift visible; they are not model output.

Keep derived, external and model content apart

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Material that sits beside a source is not the source, and the chapter’s claim is that the difference has to be structural rather than a matter of careful wording. A producer cannot declare its own layer: the layer is fixed by the constructor that made the item, and the constructor is fixed by the mechanism that produced it. A value chosen by the party being inspected cannot gate the inspection.

Separate finding a candidate, labelling it, and showing it

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Similarity finds candidates. A separate step labels them. A third step decides whether the label is worth the reader’s attention. The chapter’s claim is that these are three different things, and that a label is a claim — so every record must say how the label arose, how far it can be trusted, and whether anyone has ruled on it.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:ch09

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:ch09

No model is called. The classifier is cue-based and model-free; the pairs it is probed on are hand-picked.

Declare what must survive, then measure what did

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Every transformation creates an obligation: to measure what survived it. The chapter’s mechanism is to write the obligations down before the transformation happens, then assess the output against them as a three-valued profile — lost, survived, or not assessable — with no total score.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:ch10

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:ch10

No model is called. The one-liner and the faithful rendering are both written by hand, and the repair loop at the end drives a scripted stand-in.

A reading is a decision, and only a person settles it

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Between ordinary language and executable state there are several kinds of representation, and the chapter’s point is not that one is better but that moving down the ladder forces choices the reader cannot avoid. This example covers the part that can be enforced: a word’s reading is a declared decision bound to the words that prompted it, checks run only on what a person has settled, and an option’s name cannot be allowed to override its definition.

One source, four readers, one gate

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

The Semantic Browser is the composition of the Part I pieces: a record, a representation chosen by task, deterministic renderings plus a model’s, all through one gate, and a margin beside the page. This example shows the two things that make it a browser rather than a viewer — the choice of representation, and the gate that decides what the reader actually receives.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:ch12

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:ch12

No model is called. The incident report is constructed, the record is written by hand, and the model answer at the end is produced by a scripted stand-in.

Turn an hour of speech into units that walk back to timestamps

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

An hour of speech is not an addressable thing. The chapter’s move is to make it one: a timestamped transcript becomes a hash-pinned source, and a unit is one or more exact spans of it. A proposer — a model, in practice — may suggest which lines form a unit, what role it has and what it depends on. It cannot supply the text: that is always the text at the spans.

Judge relevance against a purpose, not against a unit

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

“Important to whom?” is the question the chapter is built around, and its answer is that importance is not a property of a unit. It is a relation among a unit, a declared purpose and a context. The same sentence can be decisive for one reader, irrelevant to another, and travel with a third because something else depends on it.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:talk

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:talk

The same program as Chapter 14. No host, no interface and no model are involved, and the relevance judgements are written by hand.

What the reader already knows, as narrowly as it can be said

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

“Don’t tell me what I already know” is a rule that needs a narrow answer to two questions: how do you know what someone knows, and what does “already” mean across sources? The chapter’s answer is that a fact is about a concept in a sense — the meaning this source gives it — with dated evidence, and that the grade is derived from the evidence rather than stored as a property of the person.

Match a subscription as written, and require a bridge for a relation

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

A channel delivers things; a semantic channel delivers things that match what you actually asked for. The chapter’s claim is that the two are different machinery, and the run shows the two rules that make the difference: a subscription is matched as written and never rewritten, and a relation to the tracked claim is established by a bridge or not at all.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:radar

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:radar

One invented afternoon, five invented candidates. The model is a scripted stand-in and no real model is called.

Pick the least representation whose obligations hold

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Compression has levels, and the chapter’s claim is that the level is not a preference — it is a property of what the rendering keeps. A level is chosen only if four obligations hold, and the four are reported separately, because passing the first three says nothing about the fourth.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:radar

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:radar

One invented afternoon, five invented candidates, and a scripted stand-in for the model. No real model is called.

Deliver on a decision, not on a resolution

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

When should the AI speak? The chapter’s answer is a table, and the table’s first rule is what it is not allowed to touch: delivery takes no resolution and no relevance as input, so a more urgent item can never become a better source, and a timing change can never rewrite an earlier decision.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:radar

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:radar

One invented afternoon. The model is a scripted stand-in; the human side of the receipt is a call to a UI function, not a screen.

Run the whole Personal Information Radar on one invented afternoon

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

This is the Part II example end to end: five candidates arrive, each passes through observation, retrieval, eligibility, selection, assertion, qualification, resolution, timing, presentation and notice, and each is recorded with a typed reason. The chapter’s claim is that the interesting thing is not the ranking but the record — every candidate’s path, and the boundary of what was never seen.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:radar

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:radar

One invented afternoon, five invented candidates, and a scripted stand-in for the model. No real model is called and no real service is contacted.

Keep declared, observed and inferred apart

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Part III begins with a vocabulary, and the chapter’s claim is that the distinctions have to be in the types, not in prose. There is deliberately no profile, no person-type, no score that combines kinds, and no field that could hold an inferred inner state.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch21

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch21

The Part III example is cumulative: selecting a chapter establishes the fixture stages it depends on before showing that chapter’s output. npm run example:personal -- all shows the full invented architecture-review morning. The model is a scripted stand-in.

An observation is evidence, and an inference only proposes

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

From observation to policy, the chapter’s claim is that the two steps must not be collapsed. An observation is evidence that an interaction happened; it is not a trait. An inference is a proposal about what the observation might mean; it cannot establish itself and it cannot authorise its own use.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch22

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch22

The model is a scripted stand-in. The two inferences in the run are supplied by the script, not produced by a real model.

Compile one plan and refuse the rest

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

If the layer is to adapt to a person, it has to be able to say what it did and why. The chapter’s mechanism is a compiler that produces one plan from four inputs — the source’s obligations, the current request, the declared state, and any authorised inference — and a receipt for every input it took or refused.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch23

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch23

The example is cumulative, so the earlier chapters’ fixture stages are established first. The model is a scripted stand-in.

Let the overlay end with the session

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

“Communication policy can persist. Communication state should usually not.” The chapter’s mechanism is an overlay: a scoped, expiring set of decisions derived from the current request. It ends with its scope, it sheds its effects when it ends, and it never becomes a durable trait on its own.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch24

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch24

The example is cumulative. The model is a scripted stand-in and the review is an invented one.

Friction is a contract the person wrote

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Sometimes the best interface adds friction. The chapter’s constraint is that a goal alone authorises nothing: the intervention, its scope, its override and its expiry are part of the permission, and only the weakest authorised form is used.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch25

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch25

The example is cumulative. The review is an invented one and the model is a scripted stand-in.

Carry a boundary without carrying its history

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Protection that travels is a promise about a service the person may never see again. The chapter’s mechanism is to report the journey honestly, stage by stage, and never to let a service’s limitation enlarge the instruction.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch26

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch26

The services are fakes. The example is cumulative and the model is a scripted stand-in.

Make what the system believes inspectable

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

“What the system believes about you must be visible” — and the chapter’s second half is that visible is not valid and not authorised. A belief is shown with everything needed to argue with it, and a correction appends a revision rather than rewriting history.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch27

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- ch27

The example is cumulative. The model is a scripted stand-in and the correction’s reason is supplied.

End the session and keep only what was declared

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

The last of Part III’s chapters is the one that has to make the whole thing survivable: a session ends, and most of what the session created has to end with it, while the small part the person declared deliberately does not.

Run it

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- all

git clone https://github.com/ernanhughes/project-language.git
cd project-language
git checkout 329660f679a5a87831f91fe1430c20ac9360dda8
npm ci
npm run example:personal -- all

The ch28 selector is an end-of-review slice rather than a standalone run of the whole Part III composition, so the full run is the one to use. The model is a scripted stand-in and the morning is an invented one.