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    <title>Generalization on Programmer.ie: Modern AI programming</title>
    <link>http://programmer.ie/tags/generalization/</link>
    <description>Recent content in Generalization on Programmer.ie: Modern AI programming</description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 20:39:00 +0100</lastBuildDate>
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      <title>Cellular Automata From First Principles 43: Test Generalization Beyond Training</title>
      <link>http://programmer.ie/post/cellular-automata-from-first-principles-43/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 20:39:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <guid>http://programmer.ie/post/cellular-automata-from-first-principles-43/</guid>
      <description>&lt;h1 id=&#34;cellular-automata-from-first-principles-43-test-generalization-beyond-training&#34;&gt;Cellular Automata From First Principles 43: Test Generalization Beyond Training&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;A model can look robust while still depending on the exact conditions used during training.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;So after growth, persistence and regeneration, we need a harder question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;what happens when the world changes?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2 id=&#34;build-a-generalization-matrix&#34;&gt;Build a generalization matrix&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Vary dimensions independently:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;highlight&#34;&gt;&lt;pre tabindex=&#34;0&#34; style=&#34;color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;&#34;&gt;&lt;code class=&#34;language-text&#34; data-lang=&#34;text&#34;&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;canvas size&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;seed position&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;update rate&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;rollout length&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;damage geometry&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;damage severity&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;noise level&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;boundary conditions&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Then evaluate combinations that were not used during training.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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      <title>Cellular Automata From First Principles 46: Generalize to Harder and Larger Mazes</title>
      <link>http://programmer.ie/post/cellular-automata-from-first-principles-46/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 10 Aug 2026 20:39:00 +0100</pubDate>
      <guid>http://programmer.ie/post/cellular-automata-from-first-principles-46/</guid>
      <description>&lt;h1 id=&#34;cellular-automata-from-first-principles-46-generalize-to-harder-and-larger-mazes&#34;&gt;Cellular Automata From First Principles 46: Generalize to Harder and Larger Mazes&lt;/h1&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Training accuracy answers the easiest question:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;highlight&#34;&gt;&lt;pre tabindex=&#34;0&#34; style=&#34;color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;&#34;&gt;&lt;code class=&#34;language-text&#34; data-lang=&#34;text&#34;&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Can the model solve problems drawn from the training distribution?&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The more interesting question is:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;highlight&#34;&gt;&lt;pre tabindex=&#34;0&#34; style=&#34;color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;&#34;&gt;&lt;code class=&#34;language-text&#34; data-lang=&#34;text&#34;&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Did the local rule learn a reusable computation?&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;This chapter turns that into an explicit evaluation protocol.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;hr&gt;&#xA;&lt;h2 id=&#34;hold-out-dimensions-of-difficulty&#34;&gt;Hold out dimensions of difficulty&lt;/h2&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;Instead of one validation set, create several test families.&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;p&gt;For example:&lt;/p&gt;&#xA;&lt;div class=&#34;highlight&#34;&gt;&lt;pre tabindex=&#34;0&#34; style=&#34;color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;&#34;&gt;&lt;code class=&#34;language-text&#34; data-lang=&#34;text&#34;&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;A: 32×32, familiar wall density&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;B: 48×48, familiar wall density&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;C: 64×64, familiar wall density&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;D: 32×32, denser obstacles&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;E: 32×32, longer required paths&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;F: different procedural maze generator&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;G: narrow bottlenecks and many dead ends&#xA;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The point is not to maximize one aggregate score.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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