Programmer.ieTechnical library for the AI era
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Models

  • What Does It Mean to Debug?
  • The First Divergence
  • Evidence Before Explanation
  • The Debugging Stack
  • Reading Python Exceptions
  • Inspect State, Don't Guess
  • Debug the Boundary
  • Assertions, Invariants, and Contracts
  • Environment Bugs
  • The Notebook Is Not the Program You See
  • Hidden Notebook State
  • Reproducible Notebooks
  • Debug the Data Before the Model
  • Shapes, Types, Devices, and Tensors
  • When Training Goes Wrong
  • Debugging Evaluation
  • Debugging What You Cannot See
  • Is the Model Actually the Problem?
  • Inspect the Actual Model Input
  • Context Windows and Truncation
  • Sampling Is Part of the Program
  • Internal Signals
  • Representation and Behavioral Diffs
  • AI as Builder, Designer, Researcher, and Reviewer
  • Debugging Intent
  • Debugging Context for Coding Agents
  • Debugging AI-Generated Designs
  • Debugging AI Research
  • Debugging Coding Agents
  • Treat Prompts as Programs
  • Minimize the Prompt
  • Retrieval Is a Pipeline
  • Retriever Failure or Generator Failure?
  • Debugging Hallucinations
  • The Model's Explanation Is Not a Trace
  • An Agent Is a Trajectory
  • Trace the Agent
  • Agent Failure Taxonomy
  • Loops, Thrashing, and Retry Storms
  • Time Travel, Replay, and Forking
  • Causal Replay
  • Trajectory Diff
  • Multi-Agent Systems
  • Can One AI Debug Another?
  • The AI Crash Dump
  • Diagnostic AI Invariants
  • From Symptom to Hypotheses
  • Discriminating Experiments
  • How Do You Know the Diagnosis Is Right?
  • AIDebugBench
  • Debug the Debugger
  • AI Observability
  • From Production Failure to Regression
  • Runtime Invariants and Guardrails
  • Debugging Cost and Latency
  • Debugging in Production
  • The Ten-Minute Debug
  • The One-Hour Investigation
  • The Full AI Incident Investigation
  • The Debugging AI Toolkit
Programmer.ie

Technical library for the AI era.

Understand what is changing. Learn how it works. Use it.

© 2026 Ernan Hughes
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